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Round nomenclature

DAXTER619

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The 5.56 x 45mm NATO, what does the 5.56 and 45mm denote? I'm a bit confused. I know the 5.56 is the bore diameter but what is the 45? The bullet length?
 
The 45mm (44.70mm according to specs) refers to the distance from the bottom of the case to the top of the shoulder. Similar concept to 7.62 x 51mm NATO vs 7.62 x 39 Russian ammo.

Google "5.56 x 45 ammo dimensions" for some good images of case dimensions.
 
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